Manifold code-mixing in computer-mediated communication: The use of English in Dutch youths’ informal online writing

The pervasiveness of the English language in society and education Netherlands, as well its status online lingua franca, has caused concerns. is a manifest aspect oral youth language, reflected written messages, but no way replaced Dutch language. This paper presents large-scale corpus analysis computer-mediated communication by youths. These social media messages (392,169 words total) were studied for presence code-mixing with English, terms amount manner. They contained 7528 elements: (parts of) words, interjections, textisms (typical ‘digi-talk’), phrases, sentences. We argue that concept ‘manifold code-mixing’, consisting four pathways – discourse framing, insertion, alternation, integration necessary to truly comprehend complexity meaning code-mixing. relate SUPER-functions (speechlike, understandable, playful, expressive, reduced) reveal youths' high proficiency English.